Australia’s Earless Dragon Is So Rare It Was Thought Extinct, Until Two Ecologists Got An Unexpected Surprise...

Deep within the grasslands west of Melbourne, Australia, a population of Victorian grassland earless dragons has been quietly living and reproducing out of sight of humans.

So out of sight, that there hasn’t been a verifiable record since 1969 despite several targeted searches, and many feared that the species was extinct.

However, in January 2023, two ecologists were out surveying for another grassland lizard and found one of the dragons.

Initially unsure of the species, they took a number of photographs and then released it back into the wild.

Morphological comparisons against specimens held by Museums Victoria indicated a high likelihood that it was the Victorian grassland earless dragon, and this was confirmed later by genetic analysis.

“It is likely that some of these animals will be closely related. Genetic genotyping of the animals allows us to understand their relationship to one another before conservation breeding begins in September.”

At the moment the only known surviving wild population is in western Victoria, on a single small patch of native grassland on private land near Melbourne.

However Conservation teams (including wildlife detection dogs like Daisy and Kip) are surveying grasslands to find more individuals and so far about 13–16 individuals have been found

This article by Megan Shersby was first published by Discover Wildlife on 25 June 2026. Lead Image: Victorian grassland earless dragon at Melbourne Zoo © Melbourne Zoo.