Small Landbirds

Adelaide's Warbler (Dendroica adelaidae) is a bird endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico belonging to the Dendroica genus of the Parulidae family. The species is named after Adelaide Swift, daughter of Robert Swift, the person who captured the first specimen.

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The Antillean Mango (Anthracothorax dominicus) is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. It is found in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, the British Virgin Islands, and Virgin Islands, U.S.. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, & heavily degraded former forest.

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Balearic warbler (Sylvia balearica) is a typical warbler, genus Sylvia. It is endemic to the Balearic Islands. It groups with the Marmora's warbler, Tristram's warbler and the Dartford warbler.

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The Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) is a species of passerine bird of uncertain relation. This small, active nectarivore is found in warmer parts of the Americas, and is generally common.

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The Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) is the most widespread species of swallow in the world. A distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts, a long, deeply forked tail and curved, pointed wings, it is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. In Northern Europe it is the only common species called a "swallow" rather than a "martin".

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The Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) is a large, conspicuous water kingfisher, the only member of that group commonly found in the northern United States and Canada. All kingfishers were formerly placed in one family, Alcedinidae, but recent research suggests that this should be divided into three. All six American kingfishers, together with three Old World species, make up the new family Cerylidae.

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The Black Redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros) is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the Thrush family (Turdidae), but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher (Muscicapidae). It is a widespread breeder in south and central Europe, and winters in southern Europe or north Africa.

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The Common Blackbird (Turdus merula) breeds in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to Australia & New Zealand.Depending on latitude, the Common Blackbird may be resident, partially migratory or fully migratory.

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The Black-faced Grassquit, Tiaris bicolor, is a small bird formerly placed with the Emberizidae. It is now recognized as a tanager closely related to Darwins finches. It breeds in the West Indies except Cuba, on Tobago but not Trinidad, and along the northern coasts of Colombia and Venezuela.

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The Blue Tit, Cyanistes caeruleus, is a 10.5 to 12 cm long passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. It is a widespread & common resident breeder throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and western Asia in deciduous or mixed woodlands. It is a resident bird. i.e. most birds do not migrate.

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The Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla, is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. This bird is widespread throughout northern Europe and Asia. It is migratory, wintering in southern Europe, north Africa, Northern Pakistan, north India, China, Japan, Alaska & the western United States.

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The Bronze Mannikin or Bronze Munia Lonchura cucullata is a small passerine (i.e. perching) bird. This estrildid finch is an abundant resident breeding bird in much of Africa south of the Sahara Desert of dry savanna habitats. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 8,100,000 km².

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The Bullfinch, Common Bullfinch or Eurasian Bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. This bird breeds across Europe and temperate Asia. It is mainly resident, but many northern birds migrate further south in the winter.

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The Cave Swallow, Petrochelidon fulva, belonging to the same genus as the more familiar and widespread Cliff Swallow of North America, occurs in Mexico and the Greater Antilles, with fall and winter vagrants reaching the East and Gulf Coasts of the U.S..

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The Cetti's Warbler is an Old World warbler which breeds in southern Europe, & southern Asia as far as Afghanistan. It also breeds in northwest Africa. It is the only bush warbler which occurs outside Asia. This small passerine bird is mainly resident in Europe, but eastern populations migrate short distances, wintering within the breeding range.

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The Chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs, is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. This bird is widespread and very familiar throughout Europe. It is the most common finch in western Europe. Its range extends into western Asia, northwestern Africa, the Azores, Madeira & the Canary Islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria.

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The Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita, is a widespread leaf warbler, named for its distinctive song. It breeds in open woodlands throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia. It is a migratory passerine which winters in south & western Europe, southern Asia and north Africa.

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The Coal Tit, Periparus ater, is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder throughout Europe, Asia and northern Africa. It is resident, and most birds do not migrate.

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The common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) also known as the Eurasian kingfisher, and river kingfisher, is a small kingfisher with seven subspecies recognized within its wide distribution across Eurasia and North Africa. It is resident in much of its range, but migrates from areas where rivers freeze in winter.

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The Corn Bunting (Emberiza calandra) is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches, Fringillidae. It breeds across southern and central Europe, north Africa and Asia across to Kazahkstan. It is mainly resident, but some birds from colder regions of central Europe and Asia migrate southwards in winter.

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The Crested Tit, Lophophanes cristatus (formerly Parus cristatus), is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder in coniferous forests throughout central and northern Europe and in deciduous woodland in France and the Iberian peninsula.

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The Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) is a member of the thrush family Turdidae. It breeds in woodland and scrub in northern Europe and Asia. It is strongly migratory, with many northern birds moving south during the winter. It is a very rare breeder in Great Britain and Ireland, but winters in large numbers in these countries.

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The Goldcrest is the smallest European bird. It is dull greenish above, with buff/white underparts, two white wingbars, and a plain face with a conspicuous black eye. The crown has black sides and a narrow black front, and a bright central crest, orange in the male and yellow in the female.

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The average Goldfinch is 12-13 cm long with a wingspan of 21-25 cm and a weight of 14 to 19 grams. The sexes are broadly similar, with a red face, black and white head, warm brown upperparts, white underparts with buff flanks and breast patches, and black and yellow wings.

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The Grey Kingbird, also known as Pitirre, Tyrannus dominicensis, is a passerine bird. It breeds from the extreme southeast of the USA through Central America, from Cuba to Puerto Rico as well as eastward towards all across the Lesser West Indies, south to Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago the Guiana and Colombia.

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The Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor) is a large songbird species in the shrike family (Laniidae). Breeding takes place in northern Europe and Asia, and in North America, Canada and Alaska. Most populations migrate south in winter to temperate regions. The Great Grey Shrike is carnivorous, and mostly eats rodents.

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The Great Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds in Europe and temperate Asia. It is migratory, wintering in tropical Africa. It does not breed in Great Britain, but is a regular visitor. This passerine bird is a species found in large reed beds, often with some bushes.

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The Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is a species of the woodpecker family (Picidae). It is distributed throughout Europe and northern Asia, and usually resident year-round except in the colder parts of its range.

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The Great Tit (Parus major) is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. It is a widespread and common species throughout Europe and Asia in any sort of woodland. It is resident, and most Great Tits do not migrate.

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The Greater Antillean Grackle (Quiscalus niger) is a grackle found throughout the Greater Antilles and the Cayman Islands as well as smaller, nearby islands. Like all Quiscalus grackles, it is a rather large, gregarious bird. It lives largely in heavily settled areas.

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The Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis) is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae and occurs in most parts of Europe and in western Asia. The Green Woodpecker spends much of its time feeding on ants on the ground and does not often 'drum' on trees like other woodpecker species.

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The European Greenfinch, or just Greenfinch, Carduelis chloris, is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. This bird is widespread throughout Europe, north Africa and south west Asia. It is mainly resident, but some northernmost populations migrate further south.

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The Dunnock, Prunella modularis, is a small passerine bird found throughout temperate Europe and into Asia. It is a resident in the milder west and south of its range, but as an insectivore, must migrate south from the colder parts of its range.

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The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a member of the Old World sparrow family Passeridae. It occurs naturally in most of Europe,much of Asia, the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand and Australia as well as urban areas in other parts of the world. It is now the most widely distributed wild bird on the planet.

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The Lesser Antillean Pewee (Contopus latirostris) is a species of bird in the Tyrannidae family. It is found in Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Puerto Rico, and Saint Lucia with records from Saint Kitts. Birds on Puerto Rico are sometimes considered to be a separate species (Puerto Rican Pewee, C. portoricensis) as are those on Saint Lucia (Saint Lucia Pewee, C. oberi). Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.

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The Lesser Whitethroat, Sylvia curruca, is a common and widespread typical warbler which breeds in temperate Europe, except the southwest, and in western and central Asia. This small passerine bird is strongly migratory, wintering in Africa just south of the Sahara, Arabia and India.

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The Linnet, Carduelis cannabina, is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. The Linnet derives its scientific name from its fondness for hemp and its English name from its liking for seeds of flax, from which linen is made. This bird breeds in Europe, western Asia and north Africa. It is partially resident, but many eastern and northern birds migrate further south in the breeding range or move to the coasts. They are sometimes found several hundred miles at sea.

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The Long-tailed Tit, Aegithalos caudatus, is a very small passerine bird. It breeds in most of Europe and Asia. It is usually a non-migratory species, although migration has been observed in north-eastern Europe. Its family, Aegithalidae, is related to the true tits, and in the winter it is often found with tit flocks.

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The Marsh Tit Poecile palustris is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae and genus Poecile. This bird's close resemblance to the Willow Tit can cause identification problems, especially in the United Kingdom where the local subspecies of the two are very similar.

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The Marsh Warbler, Acrocephalus palustris, is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds in temperate Europe and western Asia. It is migratory, wintering in south east Africa. It does not breed in the Iberian peninsula, and in England it is scarce and declining.

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The Meadow Pipit or Titlark, Anthus pratensis, is a small passerine bird which breeds in much of the northern half of Europe and Asia. It is migratory over most of its range, wintering in southern Europe, north Africa and southern Asia, but is resident in Ireland, Great Britain, and coastal areas of western Europe.

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The Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) is a common member of the thrush family Turdidae. It is found in open woods and cultivated land over all of Europe and much of Asia. Many northern birds move south during the winter, with migrating birds sometimes forming small flocks.

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The House Martin (Delichon urbicum) is a migratory passerine bird of the swallow family which breeds in Europe, north Africa and temperate Asia; and winters in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical Asia. It feeds on insects which are caught in flight, and it migrates to climates where flying insects are plentiful.

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The Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) is a small passerine bird in the genus Oenanthe. The Northern Wheatear is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in open stony country in Europe, Asia, northeastern Canada and Greenland as well as in northwestern Canada and Alaska. All birds winter in Africa.

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The Northern Red Bishop or Orange Bishop (Euplectes franciscanus) is a resident breeding bird species in Africa south of the Sahara Desert and north of the Equator. It has been introduced to Puerto Rico, Martinique and Guadeloupe in the West Indies. It was formerly regarded as a subspecies of the Southern Red Bishop (Euplectes orix) of the southern half of Africa. The two are now usually classified as separate species.

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The Orange-cheeked Waxbill Estrilda melpoda is a common species of estrildid finch native to western and central Africa, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 3,600,000 square kilometer. The species has been introduced on Puerto Rico and Saipan (United States).

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The Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) is a bird found in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, the Bahamas and Antilles. Its genus, Margarops, is considered monotypic today; formerly the Scaly-breasted Thrasher was placed here too. The present species, however, is now known to be closer to the Cinclocerthia tremblers.

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The Pied Flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, is a small passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family, one of the four species of Western Palearctic black-and-white flycatchers. It breeds in most of Europe and western Asia. It is migratory, wintering mainly in western Africa.

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The White Wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a small passerine bird in the Motacillidae family. This species breeds in much of Europe, Asia and north Africa. It is resident in the mildest parts of its range, but otherwise migrates to Africa. It is a scarce breeder in Alaska. In some areas the sub-species Pied Wagtail (M. a. yarrellii) predominates.

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The Puerto Rican Flycatcher (Myiarchus antillarum) is a tyrant flycatcher endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico and one of the 22 species belonging to the Myiarchus genus of the Tyrannidae family.

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The Puerto Rican Spindalis, Spindalis portoricensis, is a tanager endemic to the island of Puerto Rico, where it is commonly known as Reina Mora. The species is widely distributed throughout the island and is an important part of the Puerto Rican ecosystem because of its help in seed dispersal and plant reproduction. The Puerto Rican Spindalis has been proposed as the national bird of Puerto Rico.

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The Puerto Rican Tody is a tody endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. Despite is scientific name, Todus mexicanus, it is endemic to Puerto Rico. It is commonly known in the island as "San Pedrito" ("Little Saint Peter").

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The Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) is a carnivorous passerine bird and member of the shrike family Laniidae. It breeds in Europe and western Asia and winters in tropical Africa. It hunts from prominent perches & impales the corpses of large insects, small birds, frogs, rodents and lizards on thorns or barbed wire as a "larder".

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Red-cockaded Woodpeckers once could be found throughout the southeastern United States, from Florida north to Maryland and west into Texas. But due to habitat loss, their range has been severely limited, and they have been extirpated from Maryland. They can still be found in southern long-leaf pine forests, but habitat loss is the biggest threat to the survival of the species. This species is currently listed as a Vulnerable species

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The Red-legged Thrush (Turdus plumbeus) is a species of bird in the Turdidae family. It is found in the Bahamas, Cayman Brac, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Puerto Rico. It formerly occurred on the Swan Islands, Honduras. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, and heavily degraded former forest. This species may be considered the Caribbean counterpart of the American Robin, as it has similar habits, including being a common visitor to gardens and lawns.

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The Redpolls are a group of small passerine birds in the finch family Fringillidae. All redpolls are northern breeding woodland species, associated with birch trees. Some birds, particularly young ones, are difficult to assign to species.

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The Common Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) is a small passerine bird with a brown tail & is considered to be an Old World flycatcher (Muscicapidae). Among European birds, only the Black Redstart (Phoenicurus ochrurus) has a similarly colored tail. It is a summer visitor in Europe and winters in north Africa.

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Red-headed Woodpeckers were once common throughout southern Canada and the eastern United States, but the species is currently in decline. Habitat loss appears to a major factor, as well as habitat degradation as dead trees needed for nests are removed from otherwise suitable habitat.

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The Redwing (Turdus iliacus) is a bird in the thrush family Turdidae. It breeds in northern regions of Europe & Asia, from Iceland south to Scotland, east through Scandinavia, the Baltic States, Poland, Belarus & Russia. It is migratory, wintering in central & southern Europe, north west Africa and south east Asia.

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The Reed Bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus, is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae. It breeds across Europe and much of temperate and northern Asia. Most birds migrate south in winter. It is common in reedbeds and also breeds in drier open areas such as moorland and cultivation.

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The Eurasian Reed Warbler, or just Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus, is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds across Europe into temperate western Asia. It is migratory, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. This species is found almost exclusively in reed beds, usually with some bushes.

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The European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small insectivorous passerine bird. It is found across Europe, east to Western Siberia and south to North Africa; it is sedentary in most of its range except the far north.

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The Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) is a migratory passerine bird in the swallow family. It has a wide range in summer, embracing practically the whole of Europe and the Mediterranean countries, part of northern Asia and also North America. It winters in eastern and southern Africa, South America and South Asia.

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The Sardinian Warbler, Sylvia melanocephala, is a common warbler from the Mediterranean region. It breeds in the southernmost areas of Europe and Turkey and the eastern end of the Mediterranean. Unlike most "warblers", it is not migratory, but some birds winter in north Africa.

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The Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. Sedge Warblers are migratory, crossing the Sahara to spend winter in Africa. The male's song is composed of chattering phrases and it can also mimic other species. The Sedge Warbler is mostly insectivorous.

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The Eurasian Siskin (Carduelis spinus) is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is also called the European Siskin, Common Siskin or just Siskin. It is very common throughout Europe and Asia. It is found in forested areas, both coniferous and mixed woodland where it feeds on seeds of all kinds, especially of alder and conifers. These birds have an unusual migration pattern as every few years in winter they migrate southwards in large numbers. The reasons for this behavior are not known but may be related to climatic factors and above all the availability of food. In this way overwintering populations can thrive where food is abundant.

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The Skylark (Alauda arvensis) is a small passerine bird species. This lark breeds across most of Europe, Asia & north Africa. It is mainly resident in the west of its range, but eastern populations are more migratory. Many birds move to lowlands and the coast in winter. Asian birds appear as vagrants in Alaska.

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The Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a thrush that breeds across much of Eurasia. It is also known in English dialects as throstle or mavis. It has brown upperparts and black-spotted cream or buff underparts. Its distinctive song, which has repeated musical phrases, has frequently been referred to in poetry.

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The spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) is a passerine bird in the starling family Sturnidae. It is closely related to the common starling S. vulgaris, but has a much more restricted range, confined to the Iberian Peninsula, northwest Africa, southernmost France, and on the islands of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. It is largely non-migratory.

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The Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa striata, is a small passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family. It breeds in most of Europe and western Asia, and is migratory, wintering in Africa and south western Asia. It is declining in parts of its range.

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Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Sturnidae. Starlings occur naturally in the Old World, from Europe, Asia and Africa, to northern Australia and the islands of the tropical Pacific. Several European & Asian species have been introduced to these areas as well as North America, Hawaii and New Zealand.

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The European Stonechat or Common Stonechat (Saxicola rubicola) is a small passerine bird belonging to the family Muscicapidae. They are non-migratory or short-distance migrants, with part of the population moving south to winter further south in Europe and more widely in north Africa.

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The Common Swift (Apus apus) is a small bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or house martin. Like swallows, Common Swifts are migratory, and in midsummer they are found in Great Britain and northern Europe, while they winter much further south in southern Africa.

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The Thekla lark (Galerida theklae) breeds on the Iberian peninsula, in northern Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Somalia. It is a sedentary (non-migratory) species. This is a common bird of dry open country, often at some altitude.

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The Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus, is a passerine bird in the family Passeridae. This sparrow breeds over most of temperate Eurasia and Southeast Asia, and has been introduced elsewhere, including the United States

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The Common Treecreeper, Certhia familiaris, is a small passerine bird also known as the Eurasian Treecreeper, or in the British Isles where it is the only living member of its genus, simply Treecreeper. It can be distinguished from the similar Short-toed Treecreeper, which shares much of its European range, by its different song.

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The Troupial (Turpial in Spanish), Icterus icterus is the national bird of Venezuela and one of about 25 or so species of "New World Orioles". It is found across South America east of the Andes, from Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas down to Argentina. This bird can also found on Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao.

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The Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra, is a small passerine bird and is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in open rough pasture or similar uncultivated grassland in Europe and Asia. It nests in tussocks. All birds winter in Africa.

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The White Wagtail (Motacilla alba) is a small passerine bird in the Motacillidae family. This species breeds in much of Europe, Asia and north Africa. It is resident in the mildest parts of its range, but otherwise migrates to Africa. It is a scarce breeder in Alaska. In some areas the sub-species Pied Wagtail (M. a. yarrellii) predominates.

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The Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) is a common and widespread typical warbler which breeds throughout Europe and across much of temperate western Asia. This small passerine bird is strongly migratory, and winters in tropical Africa, Arabia and Pakistan.

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The Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), is a common leaf warbler which breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia. This "warbler" is strongly migratory and it winters in sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of the first leaf warblers to return in the spring.

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The Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) is a very small bird. It is one of the few passerine species that has a distribution spanning both North America and Eurasia. It occurs in Europe, Asia, Japan, and North America. It is only migratory in the northern parts of its range.

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The nuthatches are a genus, Sitta, of small passerine birds belonging to the family Sittidae. Most nuthatches breed in the temperate or montane woodlands of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the greatest diversity is in Southern Asia.

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The Yellow Wagtail, Motacilla flava, is a small passerine in the wagtail family Motacillidae. This species breeds in much of temperate Europe and Asia and has a foothold in North America in Alaska. It is resident in the milder parts of its range, such as western Europe, but northern and eastern populations migrate to Africa and south Asia.

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Dendroica petechia is a New World warbler species or superspecies; the subspecies group around D. (p.) aestiva is increasingly treated as good species Dendroica aestiva (Yellow Warbler) again. The name for the entire cryptic species complex is Mangrove Warbler, and another group of subspecies is known as Golden Warbler. Sensu lato, they make up the most widespread Dendroica species, breeding in almost the whole of North America and down to northern South America.

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The Yellow-shouldered Blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus), also known as La Mariquita de Puerto Rico or Capitan, is a diurnal blackbird endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico and one of the eleven species belonging to the Agelaius genus of the Icteridae family.

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